Artwork by Thea Fear.

A butterfly wing is often described as a canvas, but it’s actually two: The patterns on dorsal and ventral surfaces are typically different because they have evolved different functions. The ventral side (underside, seen when wings are closed together) is often used for camouflage and predator avoidance, whereas the dorsal side (top side, seen when wings are open) is used for sexual signaling.

Click here to read “How Butterflies Pattern Top and Bottom Wing Surfaces Differently” by Viviane Callier for Entomology Today.